21 research outputs found
L'amministrazione della giustizia e l'indipendenza del giudice in Germania: origine storiche e problemi attuali
While having its roots in the Empire of Wilhelm I, the German system of judicial administration still lies, even at present, in the hands of the Ministries as bodies of the executive branch. Most advocates of a system of judicial selfadministration criticise the current structures for being overly influenced by an executive power that is extending its reach too far into the sphere of the judiciary, especially as far as the so-called disciplinary control of judges is concerned. The claim to enhance judicial selfadministration in the German system is not only grounded on the principle of the separation of powers, but also justified in the light of the criteria set forth both at an international and supranational level
L'amministrazione della giustizia e l'indipendenza del giudice in Germania: origine storiche e problemi attuali
While having its roots in the Empire of Wilhelm I, the German system of judicial administration still lies, even at present, in the hands of the Ministries as bodies of the executive branch. Most advocates of a system of judicial selfadministration criticise the current structures for being overly influenced by an executive power that is extending its reach too far into the sphere of the judiciary, especially as far as the so-called disciplinary control of judges is concerned. The claim to enhance judicial selfadministration in the German system is not only grounded on the principle of the separation of powers, but also justified in the light of the criteria set forth both at an international and supranational level
La formazione del giurista tedesco fra tradizione e propositi di riforma
1. Introduzione. â 2. Un fenomeno tipicamente tedesco: lâEinheitsjurist. â 3. (Se- gue). Una breve retrospettiva storica. â 4. (Segue). La centralitĂ della figura del giudice, e lo scenario attuale. â 5. La prassi del Repetitorium. â 6. Tra riforme realizzate e riforme programmate: dalla Experimentierklausel... â 7. (Segue)... alle modifiche di fine e inizio millennio... â 8. (Segue).... fino al c.d. «processo di Bologna». â 9. «Squadra che vince non si cambia»
Literaturschwerpunkt antidiskriminierungsrecht
Recensione del volume di B. Checchini "Discriminazione contrattuale e tutela della persona
Schuldrechtsmodernisierungsgesetz e prospettive di unificazione del diritto europeo delle obbligazioni e dei contratti
I. Introduzione. - II. Il fondamento europeo della Schuldrechtsmodernisierung. -1. L'influenza di altri ordinamenti giuridici e l'elaborazione di regole internazionali. - 2. Influssi del diritto comunitario europeo. - III. L'Europeizzazione della dottrina tedesca. - IV. Schuldrechtsmodernisierung e il nascente diritto europeo dei contratti.-1. Tendenze evolutive del diritto privato europe. - 2. Schuldrechtsmodernisierung e sviluppo del diritto europeo dei contratti.- 3. Esempi relativi ad ambiti specifici. - V. Riepilogo conclusivo
Riflessioni sparse sul divieto di discriminazione nel diritto dei contratti
1. L'antidiscriminazione nel diritto dei contratti. - 2. Il divieto di discriminazione nella Privatrechtsgesellschaft. - 3. La funzionalizzazione della libertĂ contrattuale. - 4. Limiti della normativa antidiscriminatori
Feststellung der Vaterschaft und moÌgliche LoÌsungswege im Unterhaltsregressprozess nach italienischem Recht
1. Einleitende Anmerkungen zum italienischen Abstammungsrecht - 2. Anerkennung und Feststellung der Vaterschaft: Zulaessigkeitsvoraussetzungen - 3. Die Moeglichkeiten der Beseitigung der bestehenden Vaterschaft - 3.1 Anfechtung der Vaterschaft - 3.2 Bestreitung der ehelichen Abstammung- 4. Die Wirkungen der Vaterschaftsanfechtung - 5. Unterhaltsregress und gerichtliche Feststellung der Vateschaft - 5.1 Die materiell-rechtliche Grundlage des Regressanspruchs - 5.2 die prozessuale Durchsetzung des Regressanspruch
ZIVILRECHTLICHER SCHUTZ VOR DISKRIMINIERUNG IM SPIEGEL DER EUROPAÌISCHEN ENTWICKLUNG: DEUTSCHLAND UND ITALIEN IM VERGLEICH
The research examines the development of anti-discrimination law as it has been
established â in European Community Law and, therefore, in the German and Italian
legal systems â by virtue of the enactment of the anti-discrimination Directives of the
so-called ânew generationâ. With effect from 2000 and on the basis of Articles 13 and
141 EC Treaty, the EC Legislator has enacted various Directives dedicated to protection
against discrimination, not only specifically within the field of labour law, but also,
more generally, in the field of private law.
The present study predominantly focuses on two Directives and their subsequent
effects in the national systems, both in Germany and in Italy: Council Directive
2000/43/CE âimplementing the principle of equal treatment between persons
irrespective of racial or ethnic originâ and Council Directive 2004/113/CE
âimplementing the principle of equal treatment between men and women in the access
to and supply of goods and servicesâ.
There has been general criticism of the idea of the applicability of the principle of
non-discrimination to the private law sphere, particularly in Germany, where âdeath of
private autonomyâ and âexcessive restrictions on freedom of contractâ have been
greatly discussed. However, such criticism has been proved wrong in the light of the
analysis carried out here since the introduction of the anti-discrimination rules
applicable (only and exclusively) to âgoods and services that are available to the
publicâ, aim to give everybody access to the market, regardless of personal
characteristics or qualities. The above-mentioned rules are therefore directed towards
the objective of âequal freedomâ, representing no more than one of the âfundamentalâ
conditions, which regulates the functioning of the so-called âPrivate law societyâ.
Criticism claiming that the current model of contract law would be threatened by the
enforcement of âethicalâ principles, is based on the (erroneous) assumption that
contract law without anti-discrimination rules would be neutral in content. Moreover,
with this affirmation the critics fail to recognise that freedom of contract is neither a
ânaturalâ or pre-existing right, nor should it be able, as such, to condition and determine
the law per se (by which it is, instead, defined and determined).
Against the background of such theoretical reflections and after brief analysis of
the anti-discriminatory principles and contents within sources of international law, the
research explores both primary and secondary Community Law. This, among other
things, leads to the examination of basic concepts of equality itself â from equality as
âindividual justiceâ and âgroup justiceâ, to equality meant as a âpositive dutyâ. This analysis is useful to examine the relevant rules of private law, gaining insights in order
to understand and evaluate them even further.
The analysis then focuses on related constitutional roots of anti-discrimination law,
found within the German Grundgesetz and the Italian Costituzione. In this context, an
answer will be given to the fundamental question whether and to what extent rules
existed in the national legal systems (before the enactment of the EC Directives), which
were able to protect against discrimination (such as through the use of general clauses as
âvalvesâ of the system able to introduce constitutional principles and values within
private relationships).
Finally, the study focuses on the implementation of the two EC Directives in both
the national legal systems. In this respect, Germany has taken a completely different
approach to Italy. On the one hand, the German legislator has favoured the introduction
of a law that is broad in scope (Allgemeines Gleichbehandlungsgesetz, which came into
force in August 2006), which protects against discrimination in the private sphere not
only on the grounds of race, ethnic origin and gender but also on the grounds of
religion, disability, age and sexual orientation. On the other hand, the Italian legislator
has implemented the contents of Directives 2000/43/CE and 2004/113/CE rather
âmechanicallyâ, by introducing various autonomous legislative decrees without taking
steps to coordinate them with existing legislation.
The detailed analysis of the specific rules introduced in the two national systems on
the basis of the EC Directives makes it possible to evaluate and verify the validity of the
discussion about the entrance of anti-discrimination in private law relations, particularly
in those covered by contractual law
La formazione del giurista tedesco fra tradizione e propositi di riforma
1. Introduzione. â 2. Un fenomeno tipicamente tedesco: lâEinheitsjurist. â 3. (Se- gue). Una breve retrospettiva storica. â 4. (Segue). La centralitĂ della figura del giudice, e lo scenario attuale. â 5. La prassi del Repetitorium. â 6. Tra riforme realizzate e riforme programmate: dalla Experimentierklausel... â 7. (Segue)... alle modifiche di fine e inizio millennio... â 8. (Segue).... fino al c.d. «processo di Bologna». â 9. «Squadra che vince non si cambia»
Literaturschwerpunkt Antidiskriminierungsrecht
Recensione di Isabella Castangia/Giacomo Biagioni (a cura di) il principio di non discriminazione nel diritto dell'Unione Europea, ESI, Napoli 2011 e Silvia Spinaci, LibertĂ di circolazione, cittadinanza europa, principio di eguaglianza, Jovene 201